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We present surface velocity maps derived from repeat terrestrial radarinterferometry (TRI) measurements and use these time series to examineseasonal and diurnal dynamics of alpine glaciers at Mount Rainier,Washington. We show that the Nisqually and Emmons glaciers have smallslope-parallel velocities near the summit (< 0.2 m day−1), highvelocities over their upper and central regions (1.0–1.5 m day−1), andstagnant debris-covered regions near the terminus (< 0.05 m day−1).Velocity uncertainties are as low as ±0.02–0.08 m day−1. We document alarge seasonal velocity decrease of 0.2–0.7 m day−1 (−25 to −50 %) from Julyto November for most of the Nisqually Glacier, excluding the icefall,suggesting significant seasonal subglacial water storage under most of theglacier. We did not detect diurnal variability above the noise level. Simple2-D ice flow modeling using TRI velocities suggests that sliding accounts for91 and 99 % of the July velocity field for the Emmons and Nisquallyglaciers with possible ranges of 60–97 and 93–99.5 %,respectively, when considering model uncertainty. We validate ourobservations against recent in situ velocity measurements and examine thelong-term evolution of Nisqually Glacier dynamics through comparisons withhistorical velocity data. This study shows that repeat TRI measurements with> 10 km range can be used to investigate spatial and temporalvariability of alpine glacier dynamics over large areas, including hazardousand inaccessible areas

Observations of seasonal and diurnal glacier velocities at Mount Rainier, Washington, using terrestrial radar interferometry