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The shortwave cryosphere radiative effect (CrRE) is the instantaneousinfluence of snow and ice cover on Earth's top-of-atmosphere (TOA) solarenergy budget. Here, we apply measurements from the MODerate resolutionImaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), combined with microwave retrievals ofsnow presence and radiative kernels produced from four different models, toderive CrRE over global land during 2001–2013. We estimate global annual-mean land CrRE during this period of −2.6 W m−2, with variations from −2.2 to −3.0 W m−2 resulting from use of different kernels andvariations of −2.4 to −2.6 W m−2 resulting from different algorithmicdeterminations of snow presence and surface albedo. Slightly more than halfof the global land CrRE originates from perennial snow on Antarctica,whereas the majority of the northern hemispheric effect originates fromseasonal snow. Consequently, the northern hemispheric land CrRE peaks at−6.0 W m−2 in April, whereas the southern hemispheric effect moreclosely follows the austral insolation cycle, peaking at −9.0 W m−2 inDecember. Mountain glaciers resolved in 0.05° MODIS data contributeabout −0.037 W m−2 (1.4 %) of the global effect, with the majority(94 %) of this contribution originating from the Himalayas. Interannualtrends in the global annual-mean land CrRE are not statistically significantduring the MODIS era, but trends are positive (less negative) over largeareas of northern Asia, especially during spring, and slightly negative overAntarctica, possibly due to increased snowfall. During a common overlapperiod of 2001–2008, our MODIS estimates of the northern hemispheric landCrRE are about 18 % smaller (less negative) than previous estimatesderived from coarse-resolution AVHRR data, though interannual variationsare well correlated (r = 0.78), indicating that these data are useful indetermining longer-term trends in land CrRE

The global land shortwave cryosphere radiative effect during the MODIS era