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Observations of coastline retreat using contemporary very high resolutionsatellite and historical aerial imagery were compared to measurements of openwater fraction, summer air temperature, and wind. We analysed seasonal andinterannual variations of thawing-induced cliff top retreat(thermo-denudation) and marine abrasion (thermo-abrasion) on Muostakh Islandin the southern central Laptev Sea. Geomorphometric analysis revealed thattotal ground ice content on Muostakh is made up of equal amounts ofintrasedimentary and macro ground ice and sums up to 87%, rendering theisland particularly susceptible to erosion along the coast, resulting in landloss. Based on topographic reference measurements during field campaigns, wegenerated digital elevation models using stereophotogrammetry, in order toblock-adjust and orthorectify aerial photographs from 1951 and GeoEye,QuickBird, WorldView-1, and WorldView-2 imagery from 2010 to 2013 for changedetection. Using sea ice concentration data from the Special Sensor MicrowaveImager (SSM/I) and air temperature time series from nearby Tiksi, wecalculated the seasonal duration available for thermo-abrasion, expressed asopen water days, and for thermo-denudation, based on the number of days withpositive mean daily temperatures. Seasonal dynamics of cliff top retreatrevealed rapid thermo-denudation rates of −10.2 ± 4.5 m a−1in mid-summer and thermo-abrasion rates along the coastline of−3.4 ± 2.7 m a−1 on average during the 2010–2013observation period, currently almost twice as rapid as the mean rate of−1.8 ± 1.3 m a−1 since 1951. Our results showed a closerelationship between mean summer air temperature and coastal thermo-erosionrates, in agreement with observations made for various permafrost coastlinesdifferent to the East Siberian Ice Complex coasts elsewhere in the Arctic.Seasonality of coastline retreat and interannual variations of environmentalfactors suggest that an increasing length of thermo-denudation andthermo-abrasion process simultaneity favours greater coastal erosion. Coastalthermo-erosion has reduced the island's area by 0.9 km2 (24%)over the past 62 years but shrank its volume by 28 x 106 m3(40%), not least because of permafrost thaw subsidence, with the most pronouncedwith rates of ≥− 11 cm a−1 on yedoma uplands near theisland's rapidly eroding northern cape. Recent acceleration in both willhalve Muostakh Island's lifetime to less than a century

the cryosphere

Observing Muostakh disappear: permafrost thaw subsidence and erosion of a ground-ice-rich island in response to arctic summer warming and sea ice reduction