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Some recent studies revealed that Himalayan glaciers were shrinking atan accelerated rate since the beginning of the 21st century. However,the climatic causes for this shrinkage remain unclear given that surfaceenergy balance studies are almost nonexistent in this region. Inthis study, a point-scale surface energy balance analysis was performedusing in situ meteorological data from the ablation zone of Chhota ShigriGlacier over two separate periods (August 2012 to February 2013 and July toOctober 2013) in order to understand the response of mass balance toclimatic variables. Energy balance numerical modelling providesquantification of the surface energy fluxes and identification of thefactors affecting glacier mass balance. The model was validated by comparingthe computed and observed ablation and surface temperature data. During thesummer-monsoon period, net radiation was the primary component of thesurface energy balance accounting for 80 % of the total heat flux followedby turbulent sensible (13%), latent (5%) and conductive (2%) heatfluxes. A striking feature of the energy balance is the positive turbulentlatent heat flux, suggesting re-sublimation of moist air at the glaciersurface, during the summer-monsoon characterized by relatively high airtemperature, high relative humidity and a continual melting surface. Theimpact of the Indian Summer Monsoon on Chhota Shigri Glacier mass balancehas also been assessed. This analysis demonstrates that the intensity ofsnowfall events during the summer-monsoon plays a key role on surface albedo(melting is reduced in the case of strong snowfalls covering the glacier area),and thus is among the most important drivers controlling the annual massbalance of the glacier. The summer-monsoon air temperature, controlling theprecipitation phase (rain versus snow and thus albedo), counts, indirectly,also among the most important drivers

Processes governing the mass balance of Chhota Shigri Glacier (western Himalaya, India) assessed by point-scale surface energy balance measurements