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A shallow ice core was extracted at the summit of Mera Peak at 6376 m a.s.l.in the southern flank of the Nepalese Himalaya range. From this core, wereconstructed the seasonal deposition fluxes of dust and refractory blackcarbon (rBC) since 1999. This archive presents well preserved seasonalcycles based on a monsoonal precipitation pattern. According to the seasonalprecipitation regime in which 80% of annual precipitation falls betweenJune and September, we estimated changes in the concentrations of theseaerosols in surface snow. The analyses revealed that mass fluxes are a feworders of magnitude higher for dust (10.4 ± 2.8 g m−2 yr−1than for rBC (7.9 ± 2.8 mg m−2 yr−1). The relative lack ofseasonality in the dust record may reflect a high background level of dustinputs, whether from local or regional sources. Over the 10-year record, nodeposition flux trends were detected for any of the species of interest. Thedata were then used to simulate changes in the surface snow albedo over timeand the potential melting caused by these impurities. Mean potential meltingcaused by dust and rBC combined was 713 kg m−2 yr−1, and for rBCalone, 342 kg m−2 yr−1 for rBC under certain assumptions. Comparedto the melting rate measured using the mass and energy balance at5360 m a.s.l. on Mera Glacier between November 2009 and October 2010, i.e.3000 kg m−2 yr−1 and 3690 kg m−2 yr−1 respectively,the impact of rBC represents less than 16% of annual potential meltingwhile the contribution of dust and rBC combined to surface meltingrepresents a maximum of 26%. Over the 10-year period, rBC variability inthe ice core signal primarily reflected variability of the monsoon signalrather than variations in the intensity of emissions

A 10 year record of black carbon and dust from a Mera Peak ice core (Nepal): variability and potential impact on melting of Himalayan glaciers