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. Meltwater from Himalayan glaciers sustains the flow of rivers suchas the Ganges and Brahmaputra on which over half a billion people depend forday-to-day needs. Upstream areas are likely to be affected substantially byclimate change, and changes in the magnitude and timing of meltwater supplyare expected to occur in coming decades. About 10 % of the Himalayanglacier population terminates into proglacial lakes, and suchlake-terminating glaciers are known to exhibit higher-than-average totalmass losses. However, relatively little is known about the mechanismsdriving exacerbated ice loss from lake-terminating glaciers in the Himalaya.Here we examine a composite (2017–2019) glacier surface velocity dataset,derived from Sentinel 2 imagery, covering central and eastern Himalayanglaciers larger than 3 km2. We find that centre flow line velocities oflake-terminating glaciers (N = 70; umedian: 18.83 m yr−1; IQR – interquartile range – uncertainty estimate: 18.55–19.06 m yr−1) are on average more than double those of land-terminatingglaciers (N = 249; umedian: 8.24 m yr−1; IQR uncertainty estimate: 8.17–8.35 m yr−1) andshow substantially more heterogeneity than land-terminating glaciers aroundglacier termini. We attribute this large heterogeneity to the varyinginfluence of lakes on glacier dynamics, resulting in differential rates ofdynamic thinning, which causes about half of the lake-terminating glacierpopulation to accelerate towards the glacier termini. Numerical ice-flowmodel experiments show that changes in the force balance at the glaciertermini are likely to play a key role in accelerating the glacier flow atthe front, with variations in basal friction only being of modestimportance. The expansion of current glacial lakes and the formation of newmeltwater bodies will influence the dynamics of an increasing number ofHimalayan glaciers in the future, and these factors should be carefullyconsidered in regional projections.

Contrasting surface velocities between lake- and land-terminating glaciers in the Himalayan region