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. Nine density-dependent empirical thermal conductivityrelationships for firn were compared against data from three automaticweather stations at climatically different sites in East Antarctica (Dome A,Eagle, and LGB69). The empirical relationships were validated using avertical, 1D thermal diffusion model and a phase-change-basedfirn diffusivity estimation method. The best relationships for the abovementioned sites were identified by comparing the modeled and observed firntemperature at a depth of 1 and 3 m, and from the mean heatconductivities over two depth intervals (1–3 and 3–10 m). Among the ninerelationships, that proposed by Calonne et al. (2011) appeared to show thebest performance. The density- and temperature-dependent relationship givenin Calonne et al. (2019) does not show clear superiority over otherdensity-dependent relationships. This study provides a useful reference forfirn thermal conductivity parameterizations in land modeling or snow–airinteraction studies on the Antarctica ice sheet.

Brief communication: Evaluation of multiple density-dependent empirical snow conductivity relationships in East Antarctica