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. Recent work has identified complex perennial supraglacial stream and rivernetworks in areas of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) ablation zone. Currentsurface mass balance (SMB) models appear to overestimate meltwater runoff inthese networks compared to in-channel measurements of supraglacialdischarge. Here, we constrain SMB models using the hillslope river routingmodel (HRR), a spatially explicit flow routing model used in terrestrialhydrology, in a 63 km2 supraglacial river catchment in southwestGreenland. HRR conserves water mass and momentum and explicitly accounts forhillslope routing (i.e., flow over ice and/or firn on the GrIS), and we producehourly flows for nearly 10 000 channels given inputs of an ice surface digital elevation model (DEM),a remotely sensed supraglacial channel network, SMB-modeled runoff, and anin situ discharge dataset used for calibration. Model calibration yields aNash–Sutcliffe efficiency as high as 0.92 and physically realisticparameters. We confirm earlier assertions that SMB runoff exceeds theconserved mass of water measured in this catchment (by 12 %–59 %) and thatlarge channels do not dewater overnight despite a diurnal shutdown of SMBrunoff production. We further test hillslope routing and network densitycontrols on channel discharge and conclude that explicitly includinghillslope flow and routing runoff through a realistic fine-channelnetwork (as opposed to excluding hillslope flow and using a coarse-channelnetwork) produces the most accurate results. Modeling complex surface waterprocesses is thus both possible and necessary to accurately simulate thetiming and magnitude of supraglacial channel flows, and we highlight a needfor additional in situ discharge datasets to better calibrate and apply thismethod elsewhere on the ice sheet.

Hourly surface meltwater routing for a Greenlandic supraglacial catchment across hillslopes and through a dense topological channel network