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. A method of simultaneously estimating snow depth and seaice thickness using satellite-based freeboard measurements over the ArcticOcean during winter was proposed. The ratio of snow depth to ice thickness(referred to as α) was defined and used in constraining theconversion from the freeboard to ice thickness in satellite altimetrywithout prior knowledge of snow depth. Then α was empiricallydetermined using the ratio of temperature difference of the snow layer tothe difference of the ice layer to allow the determination of αfrom satellite-derived snow surface temperature and snow–ice interfacetemperature. The proposed method was evaluated against NASA's OperationIceBridge measurements, and results indicated that the algorithm adequatelyretrieves snow depth and ice thickness simultaneously; retrieved icethickness was found to be better than the methods relying on the use of snowdepth climatology as input in terms of mean bias. The application of theproposed method to CryoSat-2 radar freeboard measurements yields similarresults. In conclusion, the developed α-based method has thecapacity to derive ice thickness and snow depth without relying on the snowdepth information as input for the buoyancy equation or the radar penetrationcorrection for converting freeboard to ice thickness.

Simultaneous estimation of wintertime sea ice thickness and snow depth from space-borne freeboard measurements