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. The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL) mission is one ofsix high-priority candidate missions (HPCMs) under consideration by the EuropeanCommission to enlarge the Copernicus Space Component. Together, thehigh-priority candidate missions fill gaps in the measurement capability ofthe existing Copernicus Space Component to address emerging and urgent userrequirements in relation to monitoring anthropogenic CO2 emissions,polar environments, and land surfaces. The ambition is to enlarge theCopernicus Space Component with the high-priority candidate missions in themid-2020s to provide enhanced continuity of services in synergy with thenext generation of the existing Copernicus Sentinel missions. CRISTAL willcarry a dual-frequency synthetic-aperture radar altimeter as its primarypayload for measuring surface height and a passive microwave radiometer tosupport atmospheric corrections and surface-type classification. Thealtimeter will have interferometric capabilities at Ku-band for improvedground resolution and a second (non-interferometric) Ka-band frequency toprovide information on snow layer properties. This paper outlines the userconsultations that have supported expansion of the Copernicus SpaceComponent to include the high-priority candidate missions, describes theprimary and secondary objectives of the CRISTAL mission, identifies the keycontributions the CRISTAL mission will make, and presents a concept – as faras it is already defined – for the mission payload.

The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL) high-priority candidate mission