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. With hundreds of metres of ice, the bedrock underlyingAustfonna, the largest icecap on Svalbard, is hard to characterize in termsof topography and physical properties. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR)measurements supply ice thickness estimation, but the data quality istemperature dependent, leading to uncertainties. To remedy this, we includeairborne gravity measurements. With a significant density contrast betweenice and bedrock, subglacial bed topography is effectively derived fromgravity modelling. While the ice thickness model relies primarily on thegravity data, integrating airborne magnetic data provides an extra insightinto the basement distribution. This contributes to refining the range ofdensity expected under the ice and improving the subice model. For thisstudy, a prominent magmatic north–south-oriented intrusion and the presence ofcarbonates are assessed. The results reveal the complexity of thesubsurface lithology, characterized by different basement affinities. Withthe geophysical parameters of the bedrock determined, a new bed topographyis extracted and adjusted for the potential field interpretation, i.e. magnetic-and gravity-data analysis and modelling. When the results are compared to bed elevation maps previously produced by radio-echo sounding (RES) and GPRdata, the discrepancies are pronounced where the RES and GPR data arescarce. Hence, areas with limited coverage are addressed with the potential field interpretation, increasing the accuracy of the overall bed topography.In addition, the methodology improves understanding of the geology;assigns physical properties to the basements; and reveals the presence ofsofter bed, carbonates and magmatic intrusions under Austfonna, whichinfluence the basal-sliding rates and surges.

Revisiting Austfonna, Svalbard, with potential field methods – a new characterization of the bed topography and its physical properties