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. In the semiarid Andes of Chile, farmers and industry in thecordillera lowlands depend on water from snowmelt, as annual rainfall isinsufficient to meet their needs. Despite the importance of snow cover forwater resources in this region, understanding of snow depth distribution andsnow mass balance is limited. Whilst the effect of wind on snow coverpattern distribution has been assessed, the relative importance of meltversus sublimation has only been studied at the point scale over onecatchment. Analyzing relative ablation rates and evaluating uncertaintiesare critical for understanding snow depth sensitivity to variations inclimate and simulating the evolution of the snowpack over a larger area andover time. Using a distributed snowpack model (SnowModel), this study aimsto simulate melt and sublimation rates over the instrumented watershed of LaLaguna (513 km 2 , 3150–5630 m a.s.l., 30 ∘  S, 70 ∘  W),during two hydrologically contrasting years (i.e., dry vs. wet). The model iscalibrated and forced with meteorological data from nine Automatic WeatherStations (AWSs) located in the watershed and atmospheric simulation outputsfrom the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results ofsimulations indicate first a large uncertainty in sublimation-to-melt ratiosdepending on the forcing as the WRF data have a cold bias and overestimateprecipitation in this region. These input differences cause a doubling ofthe sublimation-to-melt ratio using WRF forcing inputs compared to AWS.Therefore, the use of WRF model output in such environments must becarefully adjusted so as to reduce errors caused by inherent bias in themodel data. For both input datasets, the simulations indicate a similarsublimation fraction for both study years, but ratios of sublimation to meltvary with elevation as melt rates decrease with elevation due to decreasingtemperatures. Finally results indicate that snow persistence during thespring period decreases the ratio of sublimation due to higher melt rates.

Impact of forcing on sublimation simulations for a high mountain catchment in the semiarid Andes