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. Geologic archives constraining the variability of the Greenlandice sheet (GrIS) during the Holocene provide targets for ice sheet models totest sensitivities to variations in past climate and model formulation. Evenas data–model comparisons are becoming more common, many models simulatingthe behavior of the GrIS during the past rely on meshes with coarsehorizontal resolutions ( ≥10  km). In this study, we explore the impact ofmodel resolution on the simulated nature of retreat across southwesternGreenland during the Holocene. Four simulations are performed using the IceSheet System Model (ISSM): three that use a uniform mesh and horizontal meshresolutions of 20, 10, and 5 km, and one that uses a nonuniform mesh witha resolution ranging from 2 to 15 km. We find that the simulated retreat canvary significantly between models with different horizontal resolutions basedon how well the bed topography is resolved. In areas of low topographicrelief, the horizontal resolution plays a negligible role in simulateddifferences in retreat, with each model instead responding similarly toretreat driven by surface mass balance (SMB). Conversely, in areas where the bedtopography is complex and high in relief, such as fjords, the lower-resolution models (10 and 20 km) simulate unrealistic retreat that occurs asice surface lowering intersects bumps in the bed topography that wouldotherwise be resolved as troughs using the higher-resolution grids. Ourresults highlight the important role that high-resolution grids play insimulating retreat in areas of complex bed topography, but also suggest thatmodels using nonuniform grids can save computational resources throughcoarsening the mesh in areas of noncomplex bed topography where the SMBpredominantly drives retreat. Additionally, these results emphasize that caremust be taken with ice sheet models when tuning model parameters to matchreconstructed margins, particularly for lower-resolution models in regionswhere complex bed topography is poorly resolved.

The impact of model resolution on the simulated Holocene retreat of the southwestern Greenland ice sheet using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM)