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. Outburst floods from subglacial lakes beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheetmodulate ice-flow velocities over periods of months to years. Althoughsubglacial lake drainage events have been observed fromsatellite-altimetric data, little is known about their role in thelong-term evolution of ice-sheet basal hydrology. Here, wesystematically map and model past water flow through an extensive areacontaining over 1000 subglacial channels and 19 former lake basins exposedon over 19 000 km2 of seafloor by the retreat of Pine Island andThwaites glaciers, West Antarctica. At 507 m wide and 43 m deep on average,the channels offshore of present-day Pine Island and Thwaites glaciersare approximately twice as deep, 3 times as wide, and cover an area over400 times larger than the terrestrial meltwater channels comprising theLabyrinth in the Antarctic Dry Valleys. The channels incised into bedrockoffshore of contemporary Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers would have beencapable of accommodating discharges of up to 8.8×106 m3 s−1. We suggest that the channels were formed by episodic dischargesfrom subglacial lakes trapped during ice-sheet advance and retreat overmultiple glacial periods. Our results document the widespread influence ofepisodic subglacial drainage events during past glacial periods, inparticular beneath large ice streams similar to those that continue todominate contemporary ice-sheet discharge.

Past water flow beneath Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica