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. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays an importantrole in the global carbon cycle and energy budget but is rarely studied inseasonal snow. A field campaign was conducted across northwestern China fromJanuary to February 2012, and surface snow samples were collected at 39 sitesin Xinjiang and Qinghai provinces. Absorption and fluorescencespectroscopies,along with chemical analysis, were used to investigate the opticalcharacteristics and potential sources of CDOM in seasonal snow. The abundance of CDOM, shown as the absorption coefficient at 280 nm, aCDOM(280) , and the spectral slope from 275 to 295 nm( S275−295) ranged from 0.15 to 10.57 m −1 and0.0129 to 0.0389 nm −1 . The highest average aCDOM(280) ( 2.30±0.52  m −1) was found inQinghai, and the lowest average S275−295 ( 0.0188±0.0015  nm −1) indicated that the snow CDOM in this region had a stronglyterrestrial characteristic. The lower values of aCDOM(280) were found at sites located to the north of the Tianshan Mountains andnorthwestern Xinjiang along the border of China ( 0.93±0.68  m −1 and 0.80±0.62  m −1 ). Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysisidentified three types of fluorophores that were attributed to two humic-likesubstances (HULIS, C1 and C2) and one protein-like material (C3). C1 wasmainly from soil HULIS, C3 was a type of autochthonously labile organicmatter, while the potential sources of C2 were complex, including soil,microbial activity, anthropogenic pollution, and biomass burning.Furthermore, the regional variations of sources for snow CDOM were assessedby analyses of chemical species (e.g., soluble ions), fluorescent components,and air mass backward trajectories combined with satellite-derived active-firelocations.

The optical characteristics and sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in seasonal snow of northwestern China