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. Dynamic ice discharge from outlet glaciers across the Greenland Ice Sheet hasincreased since the beginning of the 21st century. Calving from floating icetongues that buttress these outlets can accelerate ice flow and discharge ofgrounded ice. However, little is known about the dynamic impact of ice tongueloss in Greenland compared to ice shelf collapse in Antarctica. The rapidlyflowing ( ∼1000  m a −1 ) Petermann Glacier in northwest Greenlandhas one of the ice sheet's last remaining ice tongues, but it lost ∼50  %–60 % ( ∼40  km in length) of this tongue via two largecalving events in 2010 and 2012. The glacier showed a limited velocityresponse to these calving events, but it is unclear how sensitive it is tofuture ice tongue loss. Here, we use an ice flow model (Ua) to assess theinstantaneous velocity response of Petermann Glacier to past and futurecalving events. Our results confirm that the glacier was dynamicallyinsensitive to large calving events in 2010 and 2012 (  % annualacceleration). We then simulate the future loss of similarly sized sectionsto the 2012 calving event ( ∼8  km long) of the ice tongue back to thegrounding line. We conclude that thin, soft sections of the ice tongue >12  km away from the grounding line provide little frontal buttressing,and removing them is unlikely to significantly increase ice velocity ordischarge. However, once calving removes ice within 12 km of the groundingline, loss of these thicker and stiffer sections of ice tongue could perturbstresses at the grounding line enough to substantially increase inland flowspeeds ( ∼900  m a −1 ), grounded ice discharge, and PetermannGlacier's contribution to global sea level rise.

Velocity response of Petermann Glacier, northwest Greenland, to past and future calving events