English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

. To assess the influence of various heat transfer processes on thethermal structure of near-surface ice in Greenland's ablation zone, wecompare in situ measurements with thermal modeling experiments. A total ofseven temperature strings were installed at three different field sites,each with between 17 and 32 sensors and extending up to 21 m below theice surface. In one string, temperatures were measured every 30 min, andthe record is continuous for more than 3 years. We use these measuredice temperatures to constrain our modeling experiments, focusing on fourisolated processes and assessing the relative importance of each for thenear-surface ice temperature: (1) the moving boundary of an ablating surface,(2) thermal insulation by snow, (3) radiative energy input, and (4) subsurfaceice temperature gradients below the seasonally active near-surface layer. Inaddition to these four processes, transient heating events were observed intwo of the temperature strings. Despite no observations of meltwaterpathways to the subsurface, these heating events are likely the refreezingof liquid water below 5–10 m of cold ice. Together with subsurfacerefreezing, the five heat transfer mechanisms presented here account formeasured differences of up to 3  ∘ C between the mean annual airtemperature and the ice temperature at the depth where annual temperaturevariability is dissipated. Thus, in Greenland's ablation zone, the meanannual air temperature is not a reliable predictor of the near-surface icetemperature, as is commonly assumed.

Processes influencing heat transfer in the near-surface ice of Greenland's ablation zone