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. While a lot of attention has been given to the numerical implementation ofgrounding lines and basal friction in the grounding zone, little has beendone about the impact of the numerical treatment of ocean-induced basalmelting in this region. Several strategies are currently being employed inthe ice sheet modeling community, and the resulting grounding line dynamicsmay differ strongly, which ultimately adds significant uncertainty to theprojected contribution of marine ice sheets to sea level rise. We investigatehere several implementations of basal melt parameterization on partiallyfloating elements in a finite-element framework, based on the Marine IceSheet–Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (MISOMIP) setup: (1) melt appliedonly to entirely floating elements, (2) melt applied over all elements thatare crossed by the grounding line, and (3) melt integrated partially over thefloating portion of a finite element using two different sub-elementintegration methods. All methods converge towards the same state when themesh resolution is fine enough. However, (2) and (3) will systematicallyoverestimate the rate of grounding line retreat in coarser resolutions, while(1) converges faster to the solution in most cases. The differences betweensub-element parameterizations are exacerbated for experiments with highmelting rates in the vicinity of the grounding line and for a Weertmansliding law. As most real-world simulations use horizontal mesh resolutionsof several hundreds of meters at best, and high melt rates are generallypresent close to the grounding lines, we recommend not using (3) to avoidoverestimating the rate of grounding line retreat and to carefully assess theimpact of mesh resolution and sub-element melt parameterizations on allsimulation results.

Representation of basal melting at the grounding line in ice flow models