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. Results from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements and shallow icecores carried out during a scientific traverse between Dome Concordia (DC)and Vostok stations are presented in order to infer both spatial and temporalcharacteristics of snow accumulation over the East Antarctic Plateau.Spatially continuous accumulation rates along the traverse are computed fromthe identification of three equally spaced radar reflections spanning aboutthe last 600  years. Accurate dating of these internal reflection horizons(IRHs) is obtained from a depth–age relationship derived from volcanichorizons and bomb testing fallouts on a DC ice core and shows a very goodconsistency when tested against extra ice cores drilled along the radarprofile. Accumulation rates are then inferred by accounting for densityprofiles down to each IRH. For the latter purpose, a careful error analysisshowed that using a single and more accurate density profile along a DC coreprovided more reliable results than trying to include the potential spatialvariability in density from extra (but less accurate) ice cores distributedalong the profile. The most striking feature is an accumulation pattern that remains constantthrough time with persistent gradients such as a marked decrease from 26  mm w.e. yr −1 at DC to 20  mm w.e. yr −1 at thesouth-west end of the profile over the last 234  years on average (with a similardecrease from 25 to 19  mm w.e. yr −1 over the last 592  years).As for the time dependency, despite an overall consistency with similarmeasurements carried out along the main East Antarctic divides, interpretingpossible trends remains difficult. Indeed, error bars in our measurements arestill too large to unambiguously infer an apparent time increase inaccumulation rate. For the proposed absolute values, maximum margins of error are in the range 4  mm w.e. yr −1 (last 234  years) to 2  mm w.e. yr −1 (last 592  years), a decrease with depth mainly resulting from the time-averagingwhen computing accumulation rates.

the cryosphere

Spatial and temporal distributions of surface mass balance between Concordia and Vostok stations, Antarctica, from combined radar and ice core data: first results and detailed error analysis