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Ice-shelf-like floating extensions at the termini of Greenland\udglaciers are undergoing rapid changes with potential implications\udfor the stability of upstream glaciers and the ice sheet as a\udwhole. While submarine melting is recognized as a major contributor\udto mass loss, the spatial distribution of submarine melting and its\udcontribution to the total mass balance of these floating extensions\udis incompletely known and understood. Here, we use high-resolution\udWorldView satellite imagery collected between 2011 and 2015 to infer\udthe magnitude and spatial variability of melt rates under\udGreenland's largest remaining ice tongues – Nioghalvfjerdsbræ (79\udNorth Glacier, 79N), Ryder Glacier (RG), and Petermann Glacier (PG). Submarine melt\udrates under the ice tongues vary considerably, exceeding\ud50 m a−1 near the grounding zone and decaying rapidly\uddownstream. Channels, likely originating from upstream subglacial\udchannels, give rise to large melt variations across the ice\udtongues. We compare the total melt rates to the influx of ice to the\udice tongue to assess their contribution to the current mass\udbalance. At Petermann Glacier and Ryder Glacier, we find that the\udcombined submarine and aerial melt approximately balances the ice\udflux from the grounded ice sheet. At Nioghalvfjerdsbræ the total\udmelt flux (14.2 ± 0.96 km3 a−1 w.e., water equivalent)\udexceeds the inflow of ice (10.2 ± 0.59 km3 a−1 w.e.), indicating present thinning of the ice tongue

Satellite-derived submarine melt rates and mass balance (2011–2015) for Greenland's largest remaining ice tongues