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Basal melt rate is the most important physical quantity to be\udevaluated when looking for an old-ice drilling site, and it depends to a\udgreat extent on the geothermal flux (GF), which is poorly known under the\udEast Antarctic ice sheet. Given that wet bedrock has higher reflectivity\udthan dry bedrock, the wetness of the ice–bed interface can be assessed using\udradar echoes from the bedrock. But, since basal conditions depend on heat\udtransfer forced by climate but lagged by the thick ice, the basal ice may\udcurrently be frozen whereas in the past it was generally melting. For\udthat reason, the risk of bias between present and past conditions has to\udbe evaluated. The objective of this study is to assess which locations in\udthe Dome C area could have been protected from basal melting at any time in\udthe past, which requires evaluating GF. We used an inverse approach to\udretrieve GF from radar-inferred distribution of wet and dry beds. A 1-D heat\udmodel is run over the last 800 ka to constrain the value of GF by\udassessing a critical ice thickness, i.e. the minimum ice thickness that would\udallow the present local distribution of basal melting. A regional map of\udthe GF was then inferred over a 80 km  ×  130 km\udarea, with a N–S gradient and with values ranging from 48 to\ud60 mW m<sup>−2</sup>. The forward model was then emulated by a polynomial\udfunction to compute a time-averaged value of the spatially variable basal\udmelt rate over the region. Three main subregions appear to be free of basal\udmelting, two because of a thin overlying ice and one, north of Dome C,\udbecause of a low GF

Geothermal flux and basal melt rate in the Dome C region inferred from radar reflectivity and heat modelling