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The magnitude of the Antarctic ice sheet's contribution to global sea-level\udrise is dominated by the potential of its marine sectors to become unstable\udand collapse as a response to ocean (and atmospheric) forcing. This paper\udpresents Antarctic sea-level response to sudden atmospheric and oceanic\udforcings on multi-centennial timescales with the newly developed fast\udElementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet (f.ETISh) model. The f.ETISh model is\uda vertically integrated hybrid ice sheet–ice shelf model with\udvertically integrated thermomechanical coupling, making the model\udtwo-dimensional. Its marine boundary is represented by two different flux\udconditions, coherent with power-law basal sliding and Coulomb basal friction.\udThe model has been compared to existing benchmarks.\ud  \udModelled Antarctic ice sheet response to forcing is dominated by sub-ice\udshelf melt and the sensitivity is highly dependent on basal conditions at the\udgrounding line. Coulomb friction in the grounding-line transition zone leads\udto significantly higher mass loss in both West and East Antarctica on\udcentennial timescales, leading to 1.5 m sea-level rise after 500 years for a\udlimited melt scenario of 10 m a<sup>−1</sup> under freely floating ice shelves,\udup to 6 m for a 50 m a<sup>−1</sup> scenario. The higher sensitivity is\udattributed to higher ice fluxes at the grounding line due to vanishing\udeffective pressure.\ud  \udRemoving the ice shelves altogether results in a disintegration of the West\udAntarctic ice sheet and (partially) marine basins in East Antarctica. After\ud500 years, this leads to a 5 m and a 16 m sea-level rise for the power-law\udbasal sliding and Coulomb friction conditions at the grounding line,\udrespectively. The latter value agrees with simulations by\udDeConto and Pollard (2016) over a similar period (but with different forcing\udand including processes of hydrofracturing and cliff failure).\ud  \udThe chosen parametrizations make model results largely independent of spatial\udresolution so that f.ETISh can potentially be integrated in large-scale\udEarth system models

the cryosphere

Sea-level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial timescales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f.ETISh v1.0)