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Several abrupt shifts from periods of extreme cold (Greenland\udstadials, GS) to relatively warmer conditions (Greenland interstadials, GI)\udcalled Dansgaard–Oeschger events are recorded in the Greenland ice cores.\udUsing cryo-cell UV-laser-ablation inductively coupled-plasma mass\udspectrometry (UV-LA-ICPMS), we analysed a 2.85 m NGRIP ice core section\ud(2691.50–2688.65 m depth, age interval 84.86–85.09 ka b2k, thus covering\ud ∼  230 years) across the transitions of GI-21.2, a short-lived\udinterstadial prior to interstadial GI-21.1. GI-21.2 is a  ∼  100-year\udlong period with <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O values 3–4 ‰ higher than the\udfollowing  ∼  200 years of stadial conditions (GS-21.2), which precede\udthe major GI-21.1 warming. We report concentrations of <q>major</q> elements\udindicative of dust and/or sea salt (Na, Fe, Al, Ca, Mg) at a spatial\udresolution of  ∼  200 µm, while maintaining detection limits\udin the low-ppb range, thereby achieving sub-annual time resolution even in\uddeep NGRIP ice. We present an improved external calibration and\udquantification procedure using a set of five ice standards made from aqueous\ud(international) standard solutions. Our results show that element\udconcentrations decrease drastically (more than 10-fold) at the warming onset\udof GI-21.2 at the scale of a single year, followed by relatively low\udconcentrations characterizing the interstadial part before gradually reaching\udagain typical stadial values

the cryosphere

Calibrated cryo-cell UV-LA-ICPMS elemental concentrations from the NGRIP ice core reveal abrupt, sub-annual variability in dust across the GI-21.2 interstadial period