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In this study we quantify the evaposublimation and the energy balance of theseasonal snowpack in the Mediterranean semiarid region of Sierra Nevada,Spain (37° N). In these kinds of regions, the incidence of thisreturn of water to the atmosphere is particularly important to the hydrologyand water availability. The analysis of the evaposublimation from snow allowsus to deduct the losses of water expected in the short and medium term and iscritical for the efficient planning of this basic and scarce resource. Toachieve this, we performed 10 field campaigns from 2009 to 2015, during whichdetailed measurements of mass fluxes of a controlled volume of snow wererecorded using a modified version of an evaporation pan with lysimeter.Meteorological data at the site of the snow control volume were extensivelymonitored during the tests. With these data, a point energy balance snowmeltmodel was validated for the area. This model, fed with the completemeteorological data set available at the Refugio Poqueira Station(2500 m a.s.l.), let us estimate that evaposublimation losses for this sitecan range from 24 to 33 % of total annual ablation. This ratio is veryvariable throughout the year and between years, depending on the particularoccurrence of snowfall and mild weather events, which is generally quiteerratic in this semiarid region. Evaposublimation proceeds at maximum ratesof up to 0.49 mm h<sup>−1</sup>, an order of magnitude less than maximum meltrates. However, evaposublimation occurs during 60 % of the time that snowlies, while snowmelt only takes up 10 % of this time. Hence, bothprocesses remain close in magnitude on the annual scale

Evaposublimation from the snow in the Mediterranean mountains of Sierra Nevada (Spain)