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Climatic time series for high-elevation Himalayan regions are decidedlyscarce. Although glacier shrinkage is now sufficiently well described, thechanges in precipitation and temperature at these elevations are less clear.This contribution shows that the surface area variations of unconnectedglacial ponds, i.e. ponds not directly connected to glacier ice, but that mayhave a glacier located in their hydrological basin, can be considered assuitable proxies for detecting past changes in the main hydrologicalcomponents of the water balance. On the south side of Mt Everest, glaciermelt and precipitation have been found to be the main drivers of unconnectedpond surface area changes (detected mainly with Landsat imagery). In general,unconnected ponds have decreased significantly by approximately 10 ± 5 % in terms of surface area over the last 50 years (1963–2013 period)in the study region. Here, an increase in precipitation occurred until themid-1990s followed by a decrease until recent years. Until the 1990s, glaciermelt was constant. An increase occurred in the early 2000s, while a decliningtrend in maximum temperature has caused a reduction in the glacier meltduring recent years

Glacier melting and precipitation trends detected by surface area changes in Himalayan ponds