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Abstract. Within the context of sustainable development, soil degradation driven by land use change is considered a serious global problem, but the conversion from growing cereals to vegetables is a change that has received limited attention, especially in subtropical regions. Here, we studied the effects of the conversion from paddy rice to an oilseed rape rotation to vegetable production in southwestern China on soil organic carbon (SOC), totalnitrogen (TN), the C/N ratio, pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) based on face-to-face farmer surveys and soil analysis. In the vegetable cropping system, fertilizer application often exceeds the crop demand or levels recommended by the local extension service several times over. Thus, the crop use efficiency of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg was only 26 %, 8 %, 56 %, 23 %, and 28 %, respectively. In the vegetable cropping system studied, SOC, C stock, TN, and N stock were decreased significantly due to low organic inputs from crop residues and high tillage frequency. Furthermore, the soil C/N ratio decreased slightly; available P (AP) in the topsoil increased by 1.92 mg kg−1 for every 100 kg ha−1 of P surplus, andthe critical levels of AP and CaCl2-soluble P in P leaching were 104and 0.80 mg P kg−1. Besides, compared to the current paddy–raperotation system, a clear trend of soil acidification was observed in thevegetable fields. However, increasing the contents of soil Ca and Mgsignificantly alleviated topsoil acidification, with the effect increasingover time. Given our findings, the potential benefits of conservationagricultural practices, integrated soil–crop system management strategies,and agricultural technology services for recovering the degraded soil andimproving the vegetable productivity are discussed here.

Significant soil degradation is associated with intensive vegetable cropping in a subtropical area: a case study in southwestern China