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. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) plays an important role in the global sulfur cycleand is relevant for climate change due to its role as a greenhouse gas, inaerosol formation and atmospheric chemistry. The similarities of the carbondioxide ( CO2 ) and OCS molecules within chemical and plant metabolicpathways have led to the use of OCS as a proxy for global gross CO2 fixation by plants (gross primary production, GPP). However, unknowns suchas the OCS exchange from soils, where simultaneous OCS production( POCS ) and consumption ( UOCS ) occur, currently limits the use ofOCS as a GPP proxy. We estimated POCS and UOCS by measuring netfluxes of OCS, carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO) in a dynamicchamber system fumigated with air containing different mixing ratios [OCS].Nine soils with different land use were rewetted and soil–air exchange wasmonitored as soils dried out to assess responses to changing moisture. Amajor control of OCS exchange was the total amount of available sulfur inthe soil. POCS production rates were highest for soils at WFPS (water-filled pore space) >60  % and rates were negatively related to thiosulfateconcentrations. These moist soils switched from a net source to a net sinkactivity at moderate moisture levels (WFPS 15 % to 37 %). For three soils wemeasured NO and CO mixing ratios at different mixing ratios of OCS andrevealed that NO and potentially CO exchange rates are linked to UOCS at moderate soil moisture. High nitrate concentrations correlated withmaximum OCS release rates at high soil moisture. For one of the investigatedsoils, the moisture and OCS mixing ratio was correlated with different microbialactivity (bacterial 16S rRNA, fungal ITS RNA relative abundance) and genetranscripts of red-like cbbL and amoA.

Microbial community responses determine how soil–atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide responds to soil moisture