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Fire is a major driver of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, andcontemporary global climate change is changing global fire regimes. Weconducted laboratory heating experiments on soils from five locations acrossthe western Sierra Nevada climosequence to investigate thermal alteration ofSOM properties and determine temperature thresholds for major shifts in SOMproperties. Topsoils (0 to 5 cm depth) were exposed to a range oftemperatures that are expected during prescribed and wild fires (150, 250,350, 450, 550, and 650 °C). With increase in temperature, we foundthat the concentrations of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) decreased in a similar pattern among allfive soils that varied considerably in their original SOM concentrations andmineralogies. Soils were separated into discrete size classes by dry sieving.The C and N concentrations in the larger aggregate size fractions(2–0.25 mm) decreased with an increase in temperature, so that at 450 °Cthe remaining C and N were almost entirely associated with thesmaller aggregate size fractions ( <  0.25 mm). We observed a general trendof 13C enrichment with temperature increase. There was also 15Nenrichment with temperature increase, followed by 15N depletion whentemperature increased beyond 350 °C. For all the measured variables,the largest physical, chemical, elemental, and isotopic changes occurred atthe mid-intensity fire temperatures, i.e., 350 and 450 °C. Themagnitude of the observed changes in SOM composition and distribution inthree aggregate size classes, as well as the temperature thresholds forcritical changes in physical and chemical properties of soils (such asspecific surface area, pH, cation exchange capacity), suggest thattransformation and loss of SOM are the principal responses in heated soils.Findings from this systematic investigation of soil and SOM response to heatingare critical for predicting how soils are likely to be affected by futureclimate and fire regimes

Thermal alteration of soil organic matter properties: a systematic study to infer response of Sierra Nevada climosequence soils to forest fires