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Tillage induces decomposition and mineralisation of soil organic matter (SOM)by the disruption of macroaggregates and may increase soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux by respiration, but these processes are not well understood at the molecular level. We sampled three treatments (mineral fertiliser: MF; biogasdigestate: BD; unfertilised control: CL) of a Stagnic Luvisol a fewhours before and directly after tillage as well as 4 days later from a harvestedmaize field in northern Germany and investigated these samples by means ofpyrolysis-field ionisation mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) and hot-waterextraction. Before tillage, the Py-FIMS mass spectra revealed differences inrelative ion intensities of MF and CL compared to BD most likely attributableto the cattle manure used for the biogas feedstock and to relativeenrichments during anaerobic fermentation. After tillage, the CO<sub>2</sub>effluxes were increased in all treatments, but this increase was lesspronounced in BD. We explain this by restricted availability of readilybiodegradable carbon compounds and possibly an inhibitory effect of sterolsfrom digestates. Significant changes in SOM composition were observedfollowing tillage. In particular, lignin decomposition and increasedproportions of N-containing compounds were detected in BD. In MF, lipidproportions increased at the expense of ammonia, ammonium, carbohydrates andpeptides, indicating enhanced microbial activity. SOM composition in CLwas unaffected by tillage. Our analyses provide strong evidence forsignificant short-term SOM changes due to tillage in fertilised soils

Tillage-induced short-term soil organic matter turnover and respiration