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Geodynamic evolution of the Carpathian arc and Pannonian basin during the Neogene times is presented as a set of palinspastic reconstructions. The structural evolution is modeled in terms of a coupled system of: (1) Alpine (Atype) subduction and compressive orogene belt development owing to compression by the Adriatic microplate, (2) lateral extrusion of Alcapa lithosphere from the Alpine collision assisted by transform faults, (3) Carpathian gravity driven (Btype) subduction of oceanic or suboceanic lithosphere underlying former flysch basins and (4) back arc extension associated with the diapiric uprise of asthenospheric mantle. The variable timing of accretionary prism and back arc basin evolution in the Western Carpathians, the NW part of the Eastern Carpathians, and the SE part of the Eastern Carpathians confirms that the final Tertiary evolution of the Carpathian arc and Pannonian basin was not a uniform process. Rather, it took place successively in three segments, reflecting gravity driven subductions compensated by return asthenospheric flows (involving the back-arc diapiric uprise of asthenospheric mantle). The observed low subduction rate implies obstacles to the compensating asthenosphere flow, perhaps represented by confining thick lithosphere at the NW and SE sides of the arc. This segmentation may arise from a gravity driven process allowing asthenospheric side flow to take place speeding up the gravity driven overturn (subduction). Structural evolution as well as the timing and spatial distribution of the arc-type (subduction-related) andesite volcanics suggests that subduction halted because the subducting plate became nearly vertical, followed closely by the detachment of the sinking lithosphere slab from the continental margin. Late stage alkali basalt volcanic rocks imply that during the final stage of back arc basin evolution the related diapiric uprise of asthenospheric mantle incorporated unmetasomatized mantle material, brought possibly into the area of the diapiric uprise by compensating athenosheric mantle counterflows. Correspondence to: J. Lexa (lexa@gssr.sk)

Neogene evolution of the Carpatho-Pannonian region: an interplay of subduction and back-arc diapiric uprise in the mantle