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Soil erosion not only results in the destruction of landresources and the decline of soil fertility, but also contributes to riverchannel sedimentation. In order to explore the spatiotemporal evolution oferosion and sediment yield before and after returning farmland in a typicalwatershed of the hilly and gully region (Chinese Loess Plateau), adistributed-dynamic model of sediment yield based on the Chinese Soil LossEquation (CSLE) was established and modified to assess the effects ofhydrological factors and human activities on erosion and sediment yieldbetween 1995 and 2013. Results indicate that (1) the modified model has thecharacteristics of a simple algorithm, high accuracy, wide practicability andeasy expansion, and can be applied to predict erosion and sediment yield inthe study area, (2) soil erosion gradations are closely related to thespatial distribution of rainfall erosivity and land use patterns, and thecurrent soil and water conservation measures are not efficient for highrainfall intensities, and (3) the average sediment yield rate before andafter model modification in the most recent 5 years (in addition to 2013) is4574.62 and 1696.1 Mg km<sup>−2</sup>, respectively, decreasing by about 35.4 and78.2 % when compared to the early governance (1995–1998). However, inJuly 2013 the once-in-a-century storm is the most important reason formaximum sediment yield. Results may provide an effective and scientific basisfor soil and water conservation planning and ecological construction of thehilly and gully region, Chinese Loess Plateau

solid earth

Application of a modified distributed-dynamic erosion and sediment yield model in a typical watershed of a hilly and gully region, Chinese Loess Plateau