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Subrosion is the subsurface leaching of soluble rocks that results in theformation of depression and collapse structures. This global phenomenon is ageohazard in urban areas. To study near-surface subrosion structures, fourshear-wave seismic reflection profiles, with a total length of ca. 332 m,were carried out around the famous leaning church tower of Bad Frankenhausenin northern Thuringia, Germany, which shows an inclination of 4.93°from the vertical. Most of the geological underground of Thuringia ischaracterized by soluble Permian deposits, and the Kyffhäuser SouthernMargin Fault is assumed to be a main pathway for water to leach theevaporite. The seismic profiles were acquired with the horizontalmicro-vibrator ELVIS, developed at Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics(LIAG), and a 72 m long landstreamer equipped with 72 horizontalgeophones. The high-resolution seismic sections show subrosion-inducedstructures to a depth of ca. 100 m and reveal five features associated withthe leaching of Permian deposits: (1) lateral and vertical varying reflectionpatterns caused by strongly heterogeneous strata, (2) discontinuousreflectors, small offsets, and faults, which show the underground is heavilyfractured, (3) formation of depression structures in the near-surface,(4) diffractions in the unmigrated seismic sections that indicate increasedscattering of the seismic waves, and (5) varying seismic velocities andlow-velocity zones that are presumably caused by fractures andupward-migrating cavities. A previously undiscovered southward-dippinglistric normal fault was also found, to the north of the church. It probablyserves as a pathway for water to leach the Permian formations below thechurch and causes the tilting of the church tower. This case study shows thepotential of horizontal shear-wave seismic reflection to image near-surfacesubrosion structures in an urban environment with a horizontal resolution ofless than 1 m in the uppermost 10–15 m

High-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection as a tool to image near-surface subrosion structures – a case study in Bad Frankenhausen, Germany