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This investigation examines the effect of different amendments on selectedsoil physical and biological properties over a 24-month period intwo cropland fields. Urban municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and alfalfaresidue (AR) were used as different organic amendments at the rates of 0(control), 10 and 30 Mg ha−1 to a clay loam soil and aloamy sand soil in a semiarid region. Results showed that the soilimprovement was controlled by the application rate and decomposability ofamendments and soil type. The addition of organic amendments to the soilsimproved aggregate stability and consequently enhanced total porosity,especially macropore fraction. The increased soil organic carbon (SOC) andtotal porosity values as compared to the control treatment were greater inthe loamy sand soil than in the clay loam soil. Moreover, compared to themicrobial respiration of control plots, the application of MSW resulted inhigher values of microbial respiration in the clay loam soil than in theloamy sand soil, whereas the reverse was found for AR. Linear and powerfunctions were provided for the relationships between microbial respirationand SOC in the loamy sand and clay loam soils, respectively. Also, CO2emission was stimulated significantly as power functions of the totalporosity and the ratio of macroporosity to microporosity. However, the soilmicrobial respiration and carbon storage improved aggregate stability andpore size distribution, and as a response, soil porosity, especially the macroporefraction, controlled CO2 flux

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CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emission and structural characteristics of two calcareous soils amended with municipal solid waste and plant residue