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The Cantabrian Mountains have been interpreted as a Paleozoic basement blockuplifted during an Alpine deformation event that led to the partial closureof the Bay of Biscay and the building of the Pyrenean range in the Cenozoic.A detailed interpretation of deep seismic reflection profile ESCIN-2 and thetwo-dimensional seismic modelling of the data allowed us to construct a N–Sgeological cross section along the southern border of the CantabrianMountains and the transition to the Duero Cenozoic foreland basin,highlighting the Alpine structure. The proposed geological cross section hasbeen constrained by all geophysical data available, including a 2-D gravitymodel constructed for this study as well as refraction and magnetotelluricmodels from previous studies. A set of south-vergent thrusts dipping 30 to36° to the north, cut the upper crustwith a ramp geometry and sole in the boundary with the middle crust. Thesethrusts are responsible for the uplift and the main Alpine deformation in theCantabrian Mountains. A conspicuous reflective Moho shows that the crustthickens northwards from the Duero basin, where subhorizontal Moho is 32 kmdeep, to 47 km in the northernmost end of ESCIN-2, where Moho dips to thenorth beneath the Cantabrian Mountains. Further north, out of the profile,Moho reaches a maximum depth of 55 km, according to wide-angle/refractiondata. ESCIN-2 indicates the presence of a tectonic wedge of the crust of theCantabrian margin beneath the Cantabrian Mountains, which is indented fromnorth to south into the delaminated Iberian crust, forcing its northwardsubduction

Alpine tectonic wedging and crustal delamination in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain)