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Aggregate breakdown is an important process which controls infiltration rate(IR) and the availability of fine materials necessary for structural sealingunder rainfall. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects ofdifferent slope gradients, rain intensities and particle size distributionson aggregate breakdown and IR to describe the formation of surface seal. Toaddress this issue, 60 experiments were carried out in a35 × 30 × 10 cm detachment tray using a rainfallsimulator. By sieving a sandy loam soil, two sub-samples with differentmaximum aggregate sizes of 2 mm (Dmax2 mm) and 4.75 mm(Dmax4.75 mm) were prepared. The soils were exposed to twodifferent rain intensities (57 and 80 mm h−1) on several slopes (0.5,2.5, 5, 10 and 20%) each at three replicates. The result showed thatfor all slope gradients and rain intensities, the most fraction percentagesin soils Dmax2 and Dmax4.75 mm were in the finestsize classes of 0.02 and 0.043 mm, respectively. The soil containing fineraggregates exhibited higher transportability of pre-detached material thanthe soil containing larger aggregates. Also, IR increased with increasingslope gradient, rain intensity and aggregate size under unsteady stateconditions because of less development of surface seal. However, under steadystate conditions, no significant relationship was found between slope and IR.The findings of this study revealed the importance of rain intensity, slopesteepness and soil aggregate size on aggregate breakdown and seal formation,which can control infiltration rate and the consequent runoff and erosionrates

Aggregate breakdown and surface seal development influenced by rain intensity, slope gradient and soil particle size