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. The Svalbard Archipelago consists of three basement terranes that record acomplex Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic tectonic history, including fourcontractional events (Grenvillian, Caledonian, Ellesmerian, and Eurekan) andtwo episodes of collapse- to rift-related extension (Devonian–Carboniferousand late Cenozoic). Previous studies suggest that these three terranes likelyaccreted during the early to mid-Paleozoic Caledonian and Ellesmerianorogenies. Yet recent geochronological analyses show that the northwesternand southwestern terranes of Svalbard both record an episode of amphibolite(–eclogite) facies metamorphism in the latest Neoproterozoic, which mayrelate to the 650–550 Ma Timanian Orogeny identified in northwesternRussia, northern Norway, and the Russian Barents Sea. However, discreteTimanian structures have yet to be identified in Svalbard and the NorwegianBarents Sea. Through analysis of seismic reflection, as well as regionalgravimetric and magnetic data, this study demonstrates the presence ofcontinuous thrustsystems that are several kilometers thick, NNE-dipping, deeply buried, and extend thousands of kilometers from northwestern Russia tonortheastern Norway, the northern Norwegian Barents Sea, and the SvalbardArchipelago. The consistency in orientation and geometry, as well as apparentlinkage between these thrust systems and those recognized as part of theTimanian Orogeny in northwestern Russia and Novaya Zemlya, suggests that themapped structures are likely Timanian. If correct, these findings wouldimply that Svalbard's three basement terranes and the Barents Sea wereaccreted onto northern Norway during the Timanian Orogeny and should hencebe attached to Baltica and northwestern Russia in futureNeoproterozoic–early Paleozoic plate tectonics reconstructions. In thePhanerozoic, the study suggests that the interpreted Timanian thrust systemsrepresent major preexisting zones of weakness that were reactivated,folded, and overprinted by (i.e., controlled the formation of new) brittlefaults during later tectonic events. These faults are still active atpresent and can be linked to folding and offset of the seafloor.

Impact of Timanian thrust systems on the late Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Barents Sea and Svalbard