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. Tibet, which is characterized by collisional orogens, has undergone theprocess of delamination or convective removal. The lower crust and mantlelithosphere appear to have been removed through delamination during orogenicdevelopment. Numerical and analog experiments demonstrate that themetamorphic eclogitized oceanic subduction slab or lower crust may promotegravitational instability due to increased density. The eclogitizedoceanic subduction slab or crustal root is believed to be denser than theunderlying mantle and tends to sink. However, the density of eclogite underhigh-pressure and high-temperature conditions as well as density differences fromthe surrounding mantle are not preciously constrained. Here, we offer newinsights into the derivation of eclogite density with a single experiment toconstrain delamination in Tibet. Using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffractioncombined with a diamond anvil cell, experiments focused on minerals (garnet,omphacite, and epidote) of eclogite are conducted under simultaneoushigh-pressure and high-temperature conditions, which avoids systematicerrors. Fitting the pressure–temperature–volume data with the third-orderBirch–Murnaghan equation of state, the thermal equation of state (EoS)parameters, including the bulk modulus (KT0), its pressure derivative(KT0′), and the thermal expansion coefficient (α0),are derived. The densities of rock-forming minerals and eclogite are modeledalong with the geotherms of two types of delamination. The delaminationprocesses of subduction slab break-off and the removal of the eclogitizedlower crust in Tibet are discussed. The Tibetan eclogite, which contains40 vol %–60 vol % garnet and 44 %–70 % eclogitization, can promotethe delamination of slab break-off in Tibet. Our results indicate thateclogite is a major controlling factor in the initiation of delamination. Ahigh abundance of garnet, a high Fe content, and a high degree ofeclogitization are more conducive to instigating thedelamination.

Thermal equation of state of the main minerals of eclogite: Constraining the density evolution of eclogite during the delamination process in Tibet