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. In partially molten regions inside the Earth, melt buoyancy may triggerupwelling of both solid and fluid phases, i.e., diapirism. If the melt isallowed to move separately with respect to the matrix, melt perturbationsmay evolve into solitary porosity waves. While diapirs may form on a widerange of scales, porosity waves are restricted to sizes of a few times thecompaction length. Thus, the size of a partially molten perturbation interms of compaction length controls whether material is dominantlytransported by porosity waves or by diapirism. We study the transition fromdiapiric rise to solitary porosity waves by solving the two-phase flowequations of conservation of mass and momentum in 2D with porosity-dependentmatrix viscosity. We systematically vary the initial size of a porosityperturbation from 1.8 to 120 times the compaction length. If the perturbation is of the order of a few compaction lengths, a singlesolitary wave will emerge, either with a positive or negative verticalmatrix flux. If melt is not allowed to move separately to the matrix adiapir will emerge. In between these end members we observe a regime wherethe partially molten perturbation will split up into numerous solitarywaves, whose phase velocity is so low compared to the Stokes velocity thatthe whole swarm of waves will ascend jointly as a diapir, just slowlyelongating due to a higher amplitude main solitary wave. Only if the melt is not allowed to move separately to the matrix will no solitarywaves build up, but as soon as two-phase flow is enabled solitary waveswill eventually emerge. The required time to build them up increasesnonlinearly with the perturbation radius in terms of compaction length andmight be too long to allow for them in nature in many cases.

Magma ascent mechanisms in the transition regime from solitary porosity waves to diapirism