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. The Iberian Central System, formed after the Alpinereactivation of the Variscan Iberian Massif, features maximum altitudes of2500 m. It is surrounded by two foreland basins with contrasting elevation: the Duero Basin to the north, located at 750–800 m, and the Tajo Basin to the south,lying at 450–500 m. The deep crustal structure of this mountain range seemsto be characterized by the existence of a moderate crustal root thatprovides isostatic support for its topography. New seismic data are able toconstrain the geometry of this crustal root, which appears to be defined bya northward lower-crustal imbrication of the southern Central Iberian crustunderneath this range. Contrarily to what was expected, this imbricationalso affects the upper crust, as the existing orogen-scale mid-crustalVariscan detachment was probably assimilated during the Carboniferouscrustal melting that gave rise to the Central System batholith. In addition,the lower crust might have thinned, allowing coupled deformation at bothcrustal levels. This implies that the reactivated upper-crustal fracturescan reach lower-crustal depths, thus allowing the entire crust to sink. Thisnew model can explain the differences in topography between the CentralSystem foreland basins. Also, it provides further constraints on the crustalgeometry of this mountain range, as it seems to be that of an asymmetricAlpine-type orogen, thus hindering the existence of buckling processes asthe sole origin of the deformation. The results presented here have beenachieved after autocorrelation of seismic noise along the CIMDEF (Central Iberian Massif DEFormation Mechanisms) profile.Although the resolution of the dataset features limited resolution (0.5–4 Hz, stations placed at ∼ 5 km), this methodology has allowedus to pinpoint some key structures that helped to constraint the deformationmechanisms that affected Central Iberia during the Alpine orogeny.

What can seismic noise tell us about the Alpine reactivation of the Iberian Massif? An example in the Iberian Central System