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. The Hurricane fault is a ∼250  km long,west-dipping, segmented normal fault zone located along the transitionbetween the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range tectonic provinces in the western USA. Extensive evidence of fault–fluid interaction includes calcitemineralization and veining. Calcite vein carbon ( δ13 C VPDB )and oxygen ( δ18 O VPDB ) stable isotope ratios range from −4.5  ‰ to 3.8 ‰ and from −22.1  ‰ to −1.1  ‰,respectively. Fluid inclusion microthermometry constrains paleofluidtemperatures and salinities from 45 to 160  ∘ C and from 1.4 wt % to 11.0 wt %as NaCl, respectively. These data suggest mixing between two primary fluidsources, including infiltrating meteoric water ( 70±10 ∘ C, ∼1.5  wt % NaCl, δ18 O VSMOW ∼ - 10  ‰) and sedimentary brine ( 100±25 ∘ C, ∼11  wt % NaCl, δ18 O VSMOW ∼  5 ‰). Interpretedcarbon sources include crustal- or magmatic-derived CO 2 , carbonatebedrock, and hydrocarbons. Uranium–thorium (U–Th) dates from five calcite vein samples indicatepunctuated fluid flow and fracture healing at 539±10.8 ( 1σ ), 287.9±5.8 , 86.2±1.7 , and 86.0±0.2  ka in the upper500 m of the crust. Collectively, data predominantly from the footwalldamage zone imply that the Hurricane fault imparts a strong influence on theregional flow of crustal fluids and that the formation of veins in theshallow parts of the fault damage zone has important implications for theevolution of fault strength and permeability.

Spatiotemporal history of fault–fluid interaction in the Hurricane fault, western USA