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. The Spanish Central System is an intraplate mountain range that divides theIberian Inner Plateau in two sectors – the northern Duero Basin and theTajo Basin to the south. The topography of the area is highly variable withthe Tajo Basin having an average altitude of 450–500 m and the Duero Basinhaving a higher average altitude of 750–800 m. The Spanish Central Systemis characterized by a thick-skin pop-up and pop-down configuration formed bythe reactivation of Variscan structures during the Alpine orogeny. The hightopography is, most probably, the response of a tectonically thickened crustthat should be the response to (1) the geometry of the Moho discontinuity, (2) an imbricated crustal architecture, and/or (3) the rheological properties ofthe lithosphere. Shedding some light on these features is the maintarget of the current investigation. In this work, we present thelithospheric-scale model across this part of the Iberian Massif. We haveused data from the Central Iberian Massif Deformation (CIMDEF) project, which consists of recordings of analmost-linear array of 69 short-period seismic stations, which define a 320km long transect. We have applied the so-called global-phase seismicinterferometry. The technique uses continuous recordings ofglobal earthquakes ( >120 ∘ epicentral distance)to extract global phases and their reverberations within the lithosphere.The processing provides an approximation of the zero-offset reflectionresponse of a single station to a vertical source, sending (near)-verticalseismic energy. Results indeed reveal a clear thickening of the crust belowthe Central System, resulting, most probably, from an imbrication of thelower crust. Accordingly, the crust–mantle boundary is mapped as a relativelyflat interface at approximately 10 s two-way travel time except in theCentral System, where this feature deepens towards the NW reaching more than12 s. The boundary between the upper and lower crust is well defined and isfound at 5 s two-way travel time. The upper crust has a very distinctivesignature depending on the region. Reflectivity at upper-mantle depths isscattered throughout the profile, located between 13 and 18 s, and probablyrelated to the Hales discontinuity.

Lithospheric image of the Central Iberian Zone (Iberian Massif) using global-phase seismic interferometry