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. Today, coastal cities worldwide are facing major changesresulting from climate change and anthropogenic forcing, which requiresadaptation and mitigation strategies to be established. In this context,sedimentological archives in many Mediterranean cities record amulti-millennial history of environmental dynamics and human adaptation,revealing a long-lasting resilience. Founded by the Phoenicians around 3000 years ago, Cadiz (south-western Spain) is a key example of a coastalresilient city. This urban centre is considered to be one of the firstcities of western Europe and has experienced major natural hazards during itslong history, such as coastal erosion, storms, and also tsunamis (like theone in 1755 CE following the destructive Lisbon earthquake). In the framework of an international, joint archaeological andgeoarchaeological project, three cores have been drilled in a marinepalaeochannel that ran through the ancient city of Cadiz. Thesecores reveal a ≥50  m thick Holocene sedimentary sequence. Importantly,most of the deposits date from the 1st millennium BCE to the 1stmillennium CE. This exceptional sedimentary archive will allow ourscientific team to achieve its research goals, which are (1) to reconstructthe palaeogeographical evolution of this specific coastal area; (2) to tracethe intensity of activities of the city of Cadiz based on archaeologicaldata, as well as geochemical and palaeoecological indicators; and (3) toidentify and date high-energy event deposits such as storms and tsunamis.

High-resolution late Holocene sedimentary cores record the long history of the city of Cádiz (south-western Spain)