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. The search for a site of a final repository for highly radioactive waste in Germany was renewed when the Site Selection Act (StandAG) came into force in 2013. In Germany the development of concepts for a final repository and safety analyses for a repository in a salt dome was prioritized for many decades, whereas repository concepts in clay and crystalline rock were first considered only two decades ago. The aim of a comparative site selection procedure is to find a site before 2031, which provides the best possible safety for the enclosure of highly radioactive waste over a time period of 1 million years. The fundamental safety-related consideration is the enclosure of toxic waste in a so-called containment effective geological area (ewG). The main aspect of a long-term proof of safety is logically the systematic proof of safe long-term enclosure of the deposited waste. The approach developed within the framework of appropriate research projects (e.g. Eickemeier et al., 2013) is essentially based on the proof of geotechnical integrity of the ewG as the fundamental geological barrier as well as the geotechnical barriers. Due to their unique characteristics, including imperviousness and plastic deformability, salt rocks have been used for decades in Germany and worldwide in mining and especially for energy storage. Whereas halite in salt domes (type steep inclined salt) is distributed particularly in northwest Germany, flatly deposited salt rock (type flat bedded salt) dominates in middle Germany and salt pillows (type salt pillows) in parts of northeast Germany. Both types of “bedded salt” widely reflect in their lateral extension sedimentation-related deposition conditions, apart from diagenetically related alterations. Beginning with the presentation of the host rock-specific boundary conditions of the various rock salts, this article focuses on the appropriate procedures for the proof of integrity of the geological barrier rock salt, based on the available experiences, corresponding reference studies and analogous examples. In the results it is shown that repository concepts in bedded salt formations and especially in the constellation of salt pillows provide substantial safety-related advantages due to a site-specific multibarrier system with alternate deposition of salt and saliferous clay as well as an intact overlying rock covering.

Suitability of flat bedded salt formations in Germany as the site for a repository for heat-producing radioactive waste