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. One objective of EURAD is to allow innovative ways for close interactions between experts from WMOs (waste management organisations), TSOs (technical support organisations) and REs (research organisations) and civil society (CS) organisations. Based on a model of pluralistic interactions as developed and tested in previous projects (SITEX-II, JOPRAD, Modern2020, etc.), EURAD proposes a framework forinteraction that consists of translating scientific/technical results forexchanging with a group of CS representatives, gathering CS views on futureEURAD activities, and improving the mutual understanding on research,development and demonstration (RD&amp;amp;D) performed to support the development of safe solutions for radioactivewaste. This framework of interaction also develops propositions on how tointeract with CS on scientific and technical results, how to deal withuncertainties (inherently linked to the long timeframes and numerous processesconsidered for geological disposal) and on how to interact with CSstakeholders to promote mutual benefits of the available knowledge, based oncooperation and sharing. The final objective is to create the methodologicalconditions for interactions between the concerned categories of players totake place on the same footing and fair enough for each category ofparticipants to be able to co-contribute to the framing of the discussions. Todo so, the EURAD established interaction activities with a group ofrepresentatives of CS organisations (the CS larger group). The composition ofthis group has been established at the start of EURAD via an open call by theEURAD consortium to CS organisations, such as local communities havinginterest in radioactive waste management (RWM, local association, localcommittee of information, local partnership), and national or European CSorganisations taking part in interactions in the field of RWM at the nationalor European level. The interactions between the technical experts and the CSgroup are facilitated by CS facilitators (also called CS experts), accordingto the “double wing” methodology elaborated in the SITEX II project, workingfor linked third parties to mandated players in EURAD, with a standingengagement on RWM and/or having skills/experience on the involvement of CS inscientific and technical issues. The CS experts interact with theinstitutional experts from the WMOs, TSOs and REs in order to have a betterunderstanding of the field of study and to prepare interactions with the CSlarger group. This double wing process enables participation of CSrepresentatives in RD&amp;amp;D projects. This involves the use of specific methods,such as the PEP Serious Game (developed in the SITEX II project) and ad hocmethodologies, such as the 3+1 dialogue developed in the framework of the UMANproject in EURAD working on uncertainties management. In parallel, a processof evaluation of the ICS (interaction with civil society) activities is implemented withthe objective to establish criteria enabling good conditions for fruitfulinteractions with CS in EURAD.

Including Civil Society in R&D Projects on Radioactive Waste Management: interactions with Civil Society (ICS) in EURAD