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. We address the significant knowledge gap for groundwaterpollution in Africa methods by assessing groundwater pollution risk at theAfrican scale. To do so, we compiled the most recent continental-scaleinformation on soil, land use, geology, hydrogeology, and topography in aGeographical Information System at the resolution of 15 × 15 km and the1:60 000 000 scale. We produced a vulnerability map by using the genericDRASTIC vulnerability indicator. This map revealed that groundwater is highly vulnerable in Central and WestAfrica groundwater basins, where the water table is shallow. In addition, very low vulnerability classes arefound in the large sedimentary basins of Africa deserts where groundwater issituated in very deep aquifers. The generic groundwater pollution risk mapis obtained by overlaying the DRASTIC vulnerability indicator with currentland use. The northern, central, and western parts of the African continentare dominated by high vulnerability classes and very strongly related towater table depths and the development of agricultural activities. Given theavailability of data, we concentrate first on nitrate vulnerability mapping.To this end, groundwater nitrate contamination data are compiled inliterature using meta-analysis technic and used to calibrate as well linearand nonlinear statistical models; the latter performing much better ascompared to simple linear statistical models. This study will help to raiseawareness of the manager's International Basin Authorities or TransboundaryBasin Organizations in Africa and in particular on transboundary groundwaterpollution issues.

Challenges of groundwater pollution and management in transboundary basins at the African scale