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Abstract. The comprehension of water level fluctuations and thesustainability of the Inner Niger River Delta (IND) is a major concern forthe scientific community, but also for the local population. Located in thecentre of Mali, the heart of the Sahel, the delta is characterised by afloodable area of more than 32 000 km2 during the rainy season, whichcontributes very strongly to the vitality of local ecosystem, and isconsequently classified as a Ramsar site under the international Conventionfor Wetlands. In addition, the Delta acts as an environmental andsocio-economic development barometer for the entire sub-region. Nowadays, wecan observe an increasing fragility of the delta due to climate change,desertification and human activities, and justifies the need for permanentmonitoring. The present study is based on the recent successes of radaraltimetry, originally designed to monitor the dynamics topography of theocean, and now very frequently used to retrieve inland water levels, oflakes, rivers, and wetlands. Previous studies evaluated the performances ofseveral radar altimetry missions including Low Resolution Mode (LRM)(Topex-Poseidon, Jason-1/2/3, ERS-2, ENVISAT, and SARAL, and SyntheticAperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-3A missions for water level retrievals over1992–2017. More than 50 times series of water levels were build at thecrossing between water bodies and Sentinel-3A and 3B over 2016–2020.Twenty-four comparisons between in-situ and altimetry-based time-series ofwater levels were achieved over the IND. RMSE generally lower than 0.7 m andr higher than 0.9 were obtained.

Validation of the altimetry-based water levels from Sentinel-3A and B in the Inner Niger Delta