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. Precipitation deficits and temperature anomalies areoften the main cause for low flows and summer streamflow droughts. However,where groundwater is the main contribution to sustain water availability andecological integrity during dry spells, the role of recharge and catchmentstorage is crucial to understand streamflow drought sensitivity. Here weintroduce recharge stress tests as complement to climate scenarios tocharacterize and quantify the streamflow drought sensitivities ofcatchments. The stress tests are presented by applying them to six headwatercatchments in Switzerland with various catchment and streamflowcharacteristics. The stress tests drive the bucket-type hydrological modelHBV in a framework, in which pre-drought recharge conditions can bedecreased to test how catchments respond to and recover from drought. Weidentified an upper limit of stress test durations around 12 months asindicator of maximum recharge- and storage-memory for the study catchments.Varying response on stress testing across the catchments suggests differentstorage properties and thus different recovery times from drought. From thestress test simulations, we found up to 200 d longer summer streamflowdroughts with additional streamflow deficits which account for up to 40 dof median flow. Using a worst-case pre-drought recharge in stress testsimulation leads to minimum flow reductions of 50 %–80 % compared with thereference simulation. Based on the results we conclude with recommendationsfor further stress test research in drought hydrology.

Stress testing as complement to climate scenarios: recharge scenarios to quantify streamflow drought sensitivity