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. A critical issue concerning geomechanical safety for UGS(underground gas storage) in compartmentalized reservoirs is faultreactivation. Indeed, the displacement (land subsidence, land upheaval) andthe stress fields caused by the seasonal injection and production of CH4 into and from deep reservoirs is peculiar. The need of improvingour understanding of compartmentalized reservoir behavior and to define safebounds for the pressure fluctuation in order to prevent undesired landmovements and induced seismicity is becoming even more important. This alsoin view of the expected energy transition when large amount of green energywill potentially be stored and recovered through UGS of compressed air orhydrogen. In this framework, an in-depth modelling investigation has beencarried out for the typical UGS geological setting and operations in TheNetherlands. The specific goals of the study are the following: (i) explaining the possible mechanisms responsible for seismic eventsunexpectedly recorded during UGS phases; (ii) understanding which are thecritical factors (e.g. the geological configuration, the geomechanicalproperties, and the reservoir operations) that increase the probability offault reactivation during the various UGS stages; and (iii) advancingpossible guidelines for safe UGS operations. This contribution summarizesthe main outcomes obtained by the modelling simulations: the combinations offactors causing fault reactivation during primary production (PP) are alsomore prone to generate fault failure during cushion gas injection (CG) andUGS. In fact, fault activation during PP leads to a stress redistributionand a new (deformed) “equilibrated” configuration that is newly loaded, inthe opposite direction, when the pressure variation changes the sign becauseof CG and/or UGS. Finally, the various combinations have been ranked tohighlight the conditions where the fault system is most likely reactivatedduring CG and UGS operations: the initial stress regime of the system, thegeomechanical properties of the fault, and dislocation of the reservoircompartments are the major influencing drivers to fault instability.

About geomechanical safety for UGS activities in faulted reservoirs