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. This study was undertaken in order to accurately analyze the land subsidence thatis caused by the change in the seepage and stress fields during the pumping and recharge of groundwater. Based on Biot'sconsolidation theory and groundwater seepage theory (combined withtheory regarding the nonlinear rheology of soil), the constitutive relationship of soilwas extended to viscoelastic plastic; concurrently, considering thedynamic changes in hydraulic parameters and soil mechanical parameters, athree-dimensional fully coupled model of groundwater seepage and soildeformation was established. Using the groundwater recycling pumping andrecharge test conducted by Land Subsidence Monitoring and Early WarningCenter in Cangzhou City as an example, the site was divided into fourloose porous aquifers. A constantly circulating pumping–recharge flow was simulated numerically, and numerical simulation was carried outon the third and fourth confined aquifers. The influence of groundwaterseepage on soil deformation was analyzed, and the variation in hydraulic parametersand soil mechanical parameters were studied under the influence of the abovementioned cyclic pumping and recharge. The results show that soildeformation lags behind the change in the groundwater level, and that permanent residual deformation of soil isproduced by water level fluctuations during groundwaterpumping–recharge cycles. The effective porosity, thepermeability coefficient and the Poisson ratio are positively correlatedwith the water level fluctuation in groundwater pumping–recharge cycles,whereas the modulus of deformation is negatively correlated with the waterlevel fluctuation in groundwater during this process. All parameterschange, and this change is permanent. The simulated results are in good agreement with the measured values.

Three-dimensional fully coupled study of groundwater seepage and soil deformation under the action of cyclic pumping and recharge