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. Agricultural land use on peatlands inevitably causesongoing land surface subsidence resulting in a reduction of productivity. Inaddition, oxidation of the peat substrate associated with subsidence isresponsible for greenhouse gas emission with the ensuing consequence forglobal climatic stability. A concept of “paludiculture”, the utilisationof wet or rewetted peatlands for agriculture, has been proposed in Europeancountries to avoid further subsidence and greenhouse gas emission. However,few studies have documented a long-term record of subsidence throughagriculture in wet peatlands such as paddy fields for rice cultivation. Inthis study, we measured the subsidence rates of peatland in rice paddy useand compared them to the rates in peatland with upland crop cultivation. Theaverage subsidence between 2006 and 2016 for the paddy plots was 3.6±1.9  cm ( ±  SE) and significantly less than that of 25.6±1.7  cmfor the upland plots, and the subsidence reduced linearly as the period ofpaddy use increased. These results suggest that paddy use of peatlands caneffectively reduce subsidence. Our results will encourage the use ofpeatlands with a wet environment as one of the valid options for futurepeatland management in terms of mitigation of land subsidence and peat loss.

Subsidence of rice paddy and upland crop fields in Shinotsu Peatland, Hokkaido, Japan